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Biot-Savart law, in physics, a fundamental quantitative relationship between an electric current and the magnetic field it produces. An electric current flowing in a conductor, or a moving electric charge, produces a magnetic field, or a region in the space around the conductor in which magnetic forces may be detected.
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Water is the most vital element among the natural resources, and is crucial for our very existence. Without water, life as we know it could not exist. All living organisms including man, all the life supporting process of the earth system is heavily dependent on water. Living cells themselves consist mainly of water. The human body is two-thirds water- an essential nutrient in every function. It helps transport other nutrients and waste products in and out of cells. Water dissolves the carbon dioxide, oxygen and salts present in the body and distribute to the different parts through the process of blood circulation. It is greatly needed for the maintenance of proper body temperature.
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Energy is the mode of life. It is essential for most human activities in modern society, and is the prime engine for economic growth and technological development. As an index of civilization, it generally correlates with standard of living. Nearly 95 percent of all commercial energy produced in today's world is by fossil fuels. About 39 percent is coming from petroleum; next are coal, with 32 percent, and natural gas, with 24 percent. Nuclear power provides only about 2.5 percent of commercial energy worldwide. The supplies of petroleum and natural gas are running low, although these were not used in large quantities until the beginning of the 20th Century. Coal supplies may last several more centuries at current rates of uses. But it seems that the fossil fuel age is likely to be a rather short episode in the long history of mankind. The environmental damage caused by the burning of fossil fuels may necessitate cutting back on our use of these energy sources.
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Soil pollution or contamination is largely caused by the presence of man-made chemicals or other alteration in the natural soil environment. This type of contamination typically arises from the failure caused by intensification of agriculture, irrigation methods, application of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, insecticides, percolation of contaminated surface water to subsurface strata, oil and fuel dumping, disposal of coal ash, leaching of wastes from landfills or direct discharge of industrial wastes to the soil, and corrosion of underground storage tanks (including piping used to transmit the contents). This chapter focuses attention on the importance of soil as natural resources, soil and land pollution, the classification and description of major soil pollutants, factors causing soil pollution, health and environmental impacts, and management.
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Water is a major component of our natural environment. Everything we do by way of exploiting or managing it ((Chapter 7) has impacts on the environment. Analysis of the impacts of water pollution thus presents a formidable task and considerable challenge. Silt and sand are by far the major water pollutants in terms of quantity. Production of biomass by aquatic organisms, soil erosion, and refuge discharge all contribute to this problem. Addition of salts and metals from highway, farm runoff and industrial activities also damage water quality. Toxic chemical wastes have become an increasing water pollution problem in industrialized countries, Chemicals from agricultural fields and industrial units
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Disaster is a sudden adverse or unfortunate extreme event- natural or man-made, which causes great damage to human beings as well as plants and animals. It occurs rapidly, instantaneously, and indiscriminately that exceed the tolerable magnitude within given time limits, make human adjustment difficult, result in catastrophic losses of property, lives and income, and become the headlines of different news media at national and global levels. Natural disasters are those events or accidents that occur very rarely and aggravate environmental processes to cause human miseries. Natural disasters like floods, cyclones, storm surges, river bank erosions, droughts, etc. are occurring across the globe at an alarming rate, causing severe loss of human lives, crops, livestock, properties and physical infrastructure.
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Academic planning means knowing self-abilities, interests and monitoring progress towards the goals. To do this effectively, a student must understand his/her curriculum, graduation requirements, and academic policies. While a student may find some basic information in the website, they should work closely with their faculty advisor to structure their own plan.
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A strong, rigorous academic component must complement the work experience. Internships are an opportunity to apply academic concepts in practice and to explore possible future occupations. The experiential learning and skills acquired from internships and/or research experience on a resume cause you to more marketable.
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It is never too soon to start looking for possible employment. From the first year of your studies it is advisable that you look at job adverts for junior positions, by looking at these adverts you can get a good idea of what companies are looking for, and prepare accordingly. You should look specifically at the types of skills and abilities they require, if for example you identify that all graphic design positions require a good level of knowledge of software packages, in addition to taught classes spend time learning them yourself.
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